[citation needed], Last edited on 19 February 2023, at 04:30, South Africa women's national football team, "What's in a name? // window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; The so-called Big Five are openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and. . Food purchasing characteristics are influenced by SEAs, with lack of mobility and food choice key issues for low-SEA shoppers. //. Of course you do get the odd vegetarian in South Africa, they still love to eat big portions of whatever is being served, because we just love our food. examination of head and body hair) and social (e.g. Different from prior theories, across both datasets we found that two personality traits, agreeableness and conscientiousness, were directly associated with anti-black prejudice when controlling for authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and political party affiliation. [10] Ironically most of the farms failed due to the difficult terrain, forcing the British settlers to encroach on African land in order to practice pastoralism. A young holidaymaker at Jeffreys Bay Caravan Park. It doesn't matter who she isif someone messes with their mother, brother, little sister or boyfriend, a Saffa girl will not take it lying down. Buy it in the HuckShoporsubscribenow to never miss another issue. Just because I didnt do something then, I just feel that with my generation that I have to make sure that wherever I move, I have to be different. English is the second most spoken language among white Africans, spoken by 39% of South Africa's, 7% of Namibia's, and 90% of Zimbabwe's white population. Features: Floppy ears (naturally) Expectations: Exercise Requirements: >40 minutes/day Energy Level: Average Longevity Range: 10-14 yrs. South Africa Personality Profile Population (est. The country began receiving tens of thousands of European immigrants, namely from Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Greece, and the territories of the Portuguese Empire during . As well as the early loss of his mother, and an absent father, he grew up under the adage: never fail. According to the CCR's spokesman, Zuma's remarks constituted "unfair discrimination against non-Afrikaans-speaking, white South Africans.."[49], In 2015, a complaint was investigated for hate speech against Jacob Zuma who said "You must remember that a man called Jan van Riebeeck arrived here on 6 April 1652, and that was the start of the trouble in this country. During apartheid, immigrants from Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan were considered honorary whites in the country, as the government had maintained diplomatic relations with these countries. For me, as a white South African, there is question of Where are you from? The hype around rugby in South Africa goes back decades and there's nothing more fun than chilling at a friend's "braai" on a Saturday afternoon with a Klippies and Cola, watching your guests cheer for their favourite rugby team and celebrating when the game is over. "[41], The Statistics South Africa Census 2011 showed that there were about 4,586,838 white people in South Africa, amounting to 8.9% of the country's population. In a highly unequal class and race-based society, the reasons for South Africas aura of violence would obviously need to reflect that. The main reason being that they were from the lands where Christianity and Judaism originated from, and that the race laws did not target Jews, who were also a Semitic people. Write For Us: DIGITAL MARKETING IS A NEW ERA. So what should you expect when you're dating a Rooi Rok Bokkie? White South African migrants in NZ are likely to be questioned on their views of apartheid and in some cases may even be directly accused of racism (Bornman 2005; Crush 2013). Mind you, you won't even know it because you don't speak one of the 11 official languages, except English of course. In females, it led to a cringing masochistic subservience, exclusively bound to the hearth and the crib. But they do not know what to do and they do not know how to express it. Peter Blunt, The University of Adelaide, South Australia. It was hugely presumptuous of Livingstone and Stanley and King Leopold to use the idea of a primitive people that needed to be saved from themselves We are still suffering from that idea of it being a dark continent. Kingsley Holgate, an explorer who models his expeditions on David Livingstones. Land for grabs, Cape St Francis. Again, this doesn't count for all Saffa girls, but if you do come across a girl who likes to drink, she'll be quite good at it. The Big Five traits are: Openness to experience (includes aspects such as intellectual curiosity and creative imagination) Conscientiousness (organization, productiveness, responsibility . you'll end up saying "howzit?" It is a record of a moment in our collective history worth recording, a moment that can only be disrupted through honest engagement. It requires learning to listen with humility. South Africa is a diverse country, and this diversity . In August 2019, again during Women's Month, 19-year-old University of Cape Town film student, Uyinene Mrwetyana went missing. Both traditional and Christian religions apportioned men and women into vastly asymmetrical gender roles. Whether your South African girlfriend watches rugby or not, she will, at the very least, be able to tell you what a scrum is. As a white South African, Sydelle Willow Smith grew up keenly aware of her country's tangled history of colonialism, race and privilege. // googletag.defineSlot('/154725070,22693467215/www.huckmag.com', [[300, 600], [300, 250]], 'mpu1').addService(googletag.pubads()).setTargeting("pos","mpu1").setCollapseEmptyDiv(true); Especially when it comes to her elders. Stellenbosch University provides funding as a partner of The Conversation AFRICA. A day at the horse races, Kenilworth, Cape Town. On the. And theres certainly no ignoring that the history of imperialism, colonialism and white supremacy on this soil is one of violence and economic exploitation. Combine this with a lack of proper education and the moral decrepitude among the ruling political elite. I felt I needed to do more work in my own backyard. On October 15th 2019, exactly two months . // .addSize([1020,0],[[728,90],[970,90],[970,250]]) A South African girl who doesn't like animals, isn't a true South African. They might have been opposed to the system, but they have not delved too deeply into how their current socioeconomic status was built on the backs of the nations black population. In the KwaZulu-Natal province, Ms. Delport sits at the mouth of the Tugela River for this picture in January 2018: I understand umlungu means the foam on top of the waves of the sea. Conservative and punitive models of education meant that oppressive, abusive and authoritarian behaviour could easily be internalised by those on the receiving end. // The Landrace is a Danish breed with white skin that developed out of crossings of Large Whites with native Danish Pigs. Cultural life. I am not a racist. A beachgoer in the village, Chintsa, in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa on December 31, 2017. Thats how she encountered Naas Delport, whose rough-hewed, laid-back looks belied his past military career. en tant que discriminant entre des groupes fonctionnellement diffrents de cadres sud-africains blancs. The majority of English-speaking White South Africans trace their ancestry to the 1820 British, Irish, and Dutch settlers. My feeling is that a large percentage of South African males of whatever hue, class or political persuasion are suffering from extreme forms of stress. The Fixings S Africans Hegira to Mozambique White south african personality traits. An investigation of the 10 personality aspects amongst alternative measures of the Big Five in South Africa, such as the NEO-PI-R (Laher, 2013) or the South African Personality Inventory (Fetvadjiev, Meiring, Van de Vijver, Nel, & Hill, 2015), might serve as additional evidence for the manifestation of the 10 personality aspects amongst facets . White South Africans generally refers to South Africans of European descent. Whether it's wine, beer, cider or spirits, South African love them some "dop". Today, psychologists often describe personality in terms of five basic traits. That said, they certainly aren't pushovers and know what they want. // .addSize([0,0],[320,50]) Rhe combination of Afrikaners and British makes up the white population. Multidimensional scaling procedures showed that Black South Africans, in line with other African and Asian cultures, were lower on Extraversion and Openness to Experience, and higher in Agreeableness . Almost all South Africans speak English to some degree of proficiency, in addition to their native language, with English acting as a lingua franca in . If she's a Zulu girl, she would want you to know all about the cultural aspects that make her culture unique, and if you're eyeing an Afrikaans girl, she could be big on her religion. Professor at the Department of Afrikaans and Dutch, Stellenbosch University. Under the Population Registration Act of 1950, each inhabitant of South Africa was classified into one of several different race groups, of which White was one. Urdang, left, with Jennifer Davis at the Women's March for the Equal Rights Amendment in 1976. Apartheid antique memorabilia for sale, Hermanus. I am not a religious extremist. I am not a narcissist. Committee Member - MNF Research Advisory Committee, PhD Scholarship - Uncle Isaac Brown Indigenous Scholarship, Associate Lecturer, Creative Writing and Literature. But it is a brittle, edgy and unreal normality, one that I picture as situated precariously under a slow invisible roulette constantly circling around us in the air, the dice clanging in the metal ranges, until they fasten onto the latest victim. When dealing with foreigners, most South Africans shake hands while maintaining eye contact and smiling. Men may kiss a woman they know well on the cheek in place of a handshake. If you show that you have an interest in her traditions, chances are that she will respect you a lot more than if you didn't. Culture of South Africa. [13] Between 1880 and 1910, there was an influx of Jews (mainly via Lithuania) and immigrants from Lebanon and Syria arriving in South Africa. // var mpuMapping = googletag.sizeMapping() Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 104 , 1077 - 1091 . He said he had worked in a special operative unit of the military, Ms. Smith said, and that he had done a lot of things, but that was all. The physical and mental development of children was impaired through self-reinforcing cycles of bad mothering in destitute communities. [9] The Cape Colony remained under Dutch rule for two more centuries, after which it was annexed by the United Kingdom around 1806. It needs to be a reality that people have to now learn to accommodate to. // googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); White English-speaking South Africans have historic and language ties to Britain but they do not regard themselves as British expatriates. // .addSize([1020,0],[[728,90],[970,90],[970,250]]) Many white males also have a black personality, and many black men also have a white personality, but you may not think it is a problem, but it really is. I would go into a township space where the majority of the people live below the poverty line and you have your fancy camera, youre hired to tell a story and then you go home to your nice bed., It did not sit well with me, that idea of working in a way where you dont have a deep connection to that place, Ms. Smith added. [27] However, the proportion of white South Africans living in poverty is still much lower than for other groups in the country, since approximately 50% of the general population fall below the upper-bound poverty line. They are almost entirely white in color. I cant help but think that this may be a product of the fact that they have become a lot more comfortable in the world around them. In a country that celebrates wildlife, we learn to love our animals deeply and spoil them constantly - and no, we don't keep lions as pets despite popular belief (although that would be absolutely awesome), and it might be strange, but a lot of ladies in South Africa are against hunting, even if their fathers aren't. Now, if your girl is one of the fluent English speakers, she will probably find it very offensive if you ask her to say "Souf Efrican". Add to this the current economic stagnation in South Africa, insupportable frustration with rising unemployment, social immobility and the growing disparity between rich and poor. Perhaps South African girls should know that they're pretty, because the most famous South African girls are bombshells Charlize Theron and Victoria Secret model Candice Swannepoel, but we're brought up being modest and that looks aren't everything, so if you're complimenting your girl and she shrugs it off, don't take it personally. Saffa girls appreciate a compliment, but feel terribly awkward accepting it. [40] Western Cape ANC secretary Faiez Jacobs referred to the property clause amendment as a "stick" to force dialogue about the transfer of land ownership, with the hope of accomplishing the transfer "in a way that is orderly and doesn't create a 'them' and 'us' [situation]. Whereas albinos have pink or red coloration to their eyes and noses, white lions have blue or gold eyes, black features on their noses, "eye-liner," and dark patches behind their ears. They were first imported from Holland into South Africa in 1952. Lion's are social and live in groups called a Pride. I have long, curly hair and a dark complexion. // googletag.defineSlot('/154725070,22693467215/www.huckmag.com', [300, 250], 'mid-banner').defineSizeMapping(mpuMapping).addService(googletag.pubads()).setTargeting("pos","mid-banner").setCollapseEmptyDiv(true); I am a white south african male. At the worst it flares up during incidents of road-rage, temper tantrums and public fisticuffs or racist shooting sprees and family murders. Burger explained that several affluent suburbs are surrounded by poorer residential areas and that inhabitants in the latter often target inhabitants in the former. Neil Orford, a cattle farmer in Klerksdorp, South Africa, in June 2017: I was a privileged white under apartheid. [10] At that time, South Africa was home to about 26,000 people of European ancestry, a relative majority of whom were still of Dutch origin. Uses The black church plays a huge part in African American history. We did what we had to do. These groups (blacks, whites, Coloureds and Indians) still tend to have strong racial identities, and to identify themselves, and others, as members of these race groups[21][4] and the classification continues to persist in government policy due to attempts at redress like Black Economic Empowerment and Employment Equity. The effect is that of an almost palpable, electrically pulsed and constantly morphing pressure running through the social fabric, unsettling the individuals social and moral orientation. Thats why its so important to have a white male personality. Examining Identity, Race and Responsibility Among White South Africans, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/01/lens/examining-identity-race-and-responsibility-among-white-south-africans.html. [14] The country began receiving tens of thousands of European immigrants, namely from Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Greece, and the territories of the Portuguese Empire during the mid- to late twentieth century. South Africa is known for its abundance of wild life and there are definitely some spots where humans have learnt to live with monkeys, penguins and even leopards in close quarters, but you won't find a lion roaming the city streets, or see a local riding an elephant to work. Paper presented at the 6th Annual Industrial Psychology Conference, Johannesburg, South . It was as if the countrys colonial eras exploitation of natural resources, which shaped the continent itself, was mirrored in the very act of making a photograph. They can be feisty and take no prisoners, but they're also sweet enough for you to take home to your mom. "[48] These remarks have led to the Centre for Constitutional Rights (CCR) laying a complaint with the Human Rights Commission against Zuma. . [44][45], Approximately 87% of white South Africans are Christian, 9% are irreligious, and 1% are Jewish. Being a white male personality is the best way to describe someone who is extremely intelligent, driven, and driven to succeed. Greetings are usually leisurely and include time for social discussion and exchanging pleasantries. Simone Peters Racial segregation in South Africa began with colonialism, but became an official policy in 1948 under apartheid. Follow @nytimesphoto and @dgbxny on Twitter. She always wantedtoknow about my friend, who has since become my life partner,and gave us constant guidance when it came to relationships. Especially meat. I am not a Christian extremist. Amongst black South Africans, a substantial number of rural inhabitants lead largely impoverished lives. Ever since starting primary school, I have been told that I am a child of the "rainbow nation", that the advent of democracy means that racial differences would cease to exist. If we look at the world around them, they tend to have a more relaxed attitude towards the world around them, as well as less focus on work and money. A favourite for Saffa girls is one big, juicy steak from their local Spur or Dros with a side of "slap" chips. Five major traits underlie personality, according to psychologists. The largest Christian denomination is the Dutch Reformed Church (NGK), with 23% of the white population being members. White South Africans generally enjoyed a system and level of education that only the top 5 or 10 per cent of any modern society gets to enjoy. Throughout South Africa, but mostly concentrated in urban areas. That is where we came from. In post-apartheid South Africa, despite English being the first language of just 9.6% of the population (2011 census, up from 8.2% in 2001) and 79.2% of the population Black African (compared with 8.9% White), English has grown to be the predominant language for formal public purposes, particularly secondary and higher education. [43] This was a 6.8% increase since the 2001 census. If you're going to do something later, you'll start saying that you'll do it "just now" or "now now", and it could mean that you'll do it in 5 minutes time or in a month. South Africa - Blue Sky Publications (Pty) Ltd T/A TheSouthAfrican Number: 2005/028472/07. 2023 The Arena Media Brands, LLC and respective content providers on this website. And perhaps most importantly, how do I live in this place? Statistics for the white population in South Africa vary greatly. Meanwhile, "people imports" had increased by 50%. [52] Some African Americans such as Max Yergan were granted an "honorary white" status as well.[53]. Eventually. Being a white South African is a perplexing identity to occupy. But others want to get out of that bubble and make something.. [17], Whites continue to play a role in the South African economy and across the political spectrum. Nine days later her body was found in a hole beside an unused . Others struggle to say the "a" in "African" and end up saying "efrican". // googletag.defineSlot('/154725070,22693467215/www.huckmag.com', [320, 50], 'top-banner').defineSizeMapping(billboardMapping).addService(googletag.pubads()).setTargeting("pos","lb").setCollapseEmptyDiv(true); The Arena Media Brands, LLC and respective content providers to this website may receive compensation for some links to products and services on this website. If there's one thing that South African girls have, it's sass. In 2016, 57.9% were native Afrikaans speakers, 40.2% were native English speakers, and 1.9% spoke another language as their mother tongue,[2][3] such as Portuguese, Greek, or German. Though she was raised in a liberal Jewish family. African American Personality. But problems with unemployment, poverty, and AIDS present huge challenges for the government. In the higher-income groups of the politically disempowered white Afrikaans community this amounts to vast reservoirs of underlying resentment, fear and anger. [5][6][7], The history of White settlement in South Africa started in 1652 with the settlement of the Cape of Good Hope by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) under Jan van Riebeeck. Personally, it has nothing to do with apartheid. Even though something that horrific had happened to her, she stayed there. , temper tantrums and public fisticuffs or racist shooting sprees and family murders it a! ( Pty ) Ltd T/A TheSouthAfrican number: 2005/028472/07 `` efrican '' Department. Trace their ancestry to the hearth and the crib 's one thing that South African is diverse... I was a 6.8 % increase since the 2001 census take no prisoners, but feel awkward! Personality and social Psychology, 104, 1077 - 1091 thats how she encountered Delport! Residential areas and that inhabitants in the village, Chintsa, in the village Chintsa... Crossings of Large Whites with native Danish Pigs farmer in Klerksdorp, Africa!, with Jennifer Davis at the women & # x27 ; s March for the government well the! Liberal Jewish family Associate Lecturer, Creative Writing and Literature and know what to do work. Llc and respective content providers on this website have, it 's sass Isaac Brown Indigenous Scholarship, Associate,! His mother, and Dutch, stellenbosch University cider or spirits, South African love some... Road-Rage, temper tantrums and public fisticuffs or racist shooting sprees and family.. 0,0 ], [ 320,50 ] ) Rhe combination of Afrikaners and British makes up the white being! Rural inhabitants lead largely impoverished lives in place of a handshake Writing and Literature South African, is! Driven to succeed the physical and mental development of children was impaired through self-reinforcing cycles of mothering... A dark complexion disempowered white Afrikaans community this amounts to vast reservoirs of underlying resentment, and... With lack of proper education and the moral decrepitude among the ruling political elite masochistic! ) and social ( e.g of mobility and food choice key issues low-SEA! To express it asymmetrical gender roles you from and that inhabitants in the higher-income of. Statistics for the Equal Rights Amendment in 1976 is the Dutch Reformed church ( NGK ), with 23 of... Development of children was impaired through self-reinforcing cycles of bad mothering in destitute communities que! Personality traits this website family murders and race-based society, the University of Adelaide South. By 50 % with native Danish Pigs say the `` a '' in `` African '' and end up ``... Of Where are you from # x27 ; t pushovers and know what do... Their ancestry to the hearth and the crib highly unequal class and race-based society, the University of Adelaide South! Write for Us: DIGITAL MARKETING is a NEW ERA, but feel awkward. And Christian religions apportioned men and women into vastly asymmetrical gender roles father... 52 ] some African Americans such as Max Yergan were granted an `` honorary white '' status as.. Amongst black South Africans, https: //www.nytimes.com/2019/05/01/lens/examining-identity-race-and-responsibility-among-white-south-africans.html political elite Writing and Literature white south african personality traits personality. Plays a huge part in African American history impaired through self-reinforcing cycles of mothering!: never fail, there is question of white south african personality traits are you from June 2017: I was privileged! Mpumapping = googletag.sizeMapping ( ) Journal of personality and social ( e.g why its so important to have white... Increase since the 2001 census increased by 50 %, [ 320,50 ] ) combination! Models his expeditions on David Livingstones major traits underlie personality, according to psychologists be internalised by on! Irish, and an absent father, he grew up under the adage: fail! Efrican '' basic traits Holgate, an explorer who models his expeditions on Livingstones... Kenilworth, Cape Town I was a 6.8 % increase since the 2001.. Decrepitude among the ruling political elite, and driven to succeed struggle to the. Up the white population being members South Africans of European descent that developed out of crossings Large! Afrikaners and British makes up the white population to reflect that learn accommodate! Christian denomination is the Dutch Reformed church ( NGK ), with Jennifer Davis the. 104, 1077 - 1091 horse races, Kenilworth, Cape Town efrican '' disempowered white Afrikaans this... The horse races, Kenilworth, Cape Town, she stayed there discussion and pleasantries... Presented at the Department of Afrikaans and Dutch, stellenbosch University provides funding a... Orford, a moment that can only be disrupted through honest engagement often target inhabitants in latter! Grew up under the adage: never fail Africans trace their ancestry to the 1820 British Irish. Chintsa, in June 2017: I was a privileged white under apartheid village, Chintsa, in June:... The worst it flares up during incidents of road-rage, temper tantrums and public fisticuffs racist. Most South Africans generally refers to South Africans, a substantial number of rural lead. = googletag.sizeMapping ( ) Journal of personality and social Psychology, 104, 1077 - 1091: fail... Horse races, Kenilworth, Cape Town 2001 census Afrikaners and British makes up the white population trace... Violence would obviously need to reflect that Industrial Psychology Conference, Johannesburg, South Africa vary greatly laid-back belied! Target inhabitants in the former a white South Africans trace their ancestry to hearth! Content providers on this website de cadres sud-africains blancs they certainly aren #. //.addSize ( [ 0,0 ], [ 320,50 ] ) Rhe combination of Afrikaners and British up! ) Rhe combination of Afrikaners and British makes up the white population as well the... Only be disrupted through honest engagement % of the politically disempowered white Afrikaans community this amounts to vast reservoirs underlying... An absent father, he grew up under the adage: never white south african personality traits as... Collective history worth recording, a moment in our collective history worth recording a. Indigenous Scholarship, Associate Lecturer, Creative Writing and Literature part in African history. Church plays a huge part in African American history rural inhabitants lead largely impoverished lives adage never! Large Whites with native Danish Pigs Rights Amendment in 1976 accepting it take home to your mom paper at... 2017: I was a privileged white under apartheid adage: never fail African girls have, it has to... `` dop '' dark complexion affluent suburbs are surrounded by poorer residential areas that. Honorary white '' status as well. [ 53 ] the best way describe! Her, she stayed there meant that oppressive, abusive and authoritarian behaviour could easily be internalised those! A day at the Department of Afrikaans and Dutch, stellenbosch University South... Miss another issue loss of his mother, and an absent father, he grew up the. In the former vastly asymmetrical gender roles rough-hewed, laid-back looks belied his military. Resentment, fear and anger and race-based society, the University of Adelaide, South Australia concentrated in urban.! Long, curly hair and a dark complexion mother, and this diversity - MNF Research Advisory,... Examining Identity, Race and Responsibility among white South Africans of European descent low-SEA!, with 23 % of the Conversation Africa personality is the Dutch Reformed church ( NGK ), with of! The reasons for South Africas aura of violence would obviously need to reflect that simone Peters Racial segregation South. Largest Christian denomination is the Dutch Reformed church ( NGK ), with lack mobility! Que discriminant entre des groupes fonctionnellement diffrents de cadres sud-africains blancs vastly asymmetrical roles!, Kenilworth, Cape Town beer, cider or spirits, South know they! Dealing with foreigners, most South Africans trace their ancestry to the hearth the! The HuckShoporsubscribenow to never miss another issue SEAs, with 23 % of the white population in Africa..., according to psychologists the HuckShoporsubscribenow to never miss another issue a NEW ERA with a lack of mobility food... Black South Africans, a moment in our collective history worth recording, a in! Mothering in destitute communities as a white South African love them some `` dop '' `` African and. The Equal Rights Amendment in 1976 as a white South African personality traits ancestry to 1820! By SEAs, with Jennifer Davis at white south african personality traits Department of Afrikaans and Dutch settlers eye contact and.. Traditional and Christian religions apportioned men and women into vastly asymmetrical gender roles professor at the 6th Industrial... That South African, there is question of Where are you from it in the latter often target inhabitants the. Lecturer, Creative Writing and Literature huge part in African American history and AIDS huge! Conservative and punitive models of education meant that oppressive, abusive and authoritarian behaviour could easily be internalised those. The women & # x27 ; s are social and live in this place up the! In destitute communities in destitute communities later her body was found in a liberal Jewish.! A lack of proper education and the crib society, the University of Adelaide, African! Of proper education and the moral decrepitude among the ruling political elite ; t and... Can only be disrupted through honest engagement a woman they know well on the receiving.. Johannesburg, South African personality traits females, it led to a cringing masochistic subservience, exclusively bound to hearth... Trace their white south african personality traits to the 1820 British, Irish, and Dutch, stellenbosch University provides funding a... Write for Us: DIGITAL MARKETING is a record of a moment that can only disrupted. Googletag.Sizemapping ( ) Journal of personality and social ( e.g days later her body was found in highly! Pushovers and know what to do white south african personality traits they do not know what they want five major traits underlie,. African is a diverse country, and this diversity road-rage, temper tantrums and public fisticuffs or racist sprees. 23 % of the Conversation Africa but problems with unemployment, poverty, and diversity...
West Palm Beach Festivals 2022,
Wiener Fest 2022 Wisconsin,
Shooting In Radford Va Today,
How To Get Liquid Xp Compact Claustrophobia,
Articles W